Complete Blood Count (CBC) evaluates cells circulating in blood i.e., red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets which determine the general state of health of an individual. CBC is useful in patients presenting with tiredness, screen for anaemias or to diagnose infection in those with fever. It is an important basic test to state bone marrow and spleen functioning, diagnose blood cancers, and monitor blood disorders, chemotherapy and other medication.

Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, carry oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. White blood cells, or leukocytes, fight infections and other diseases. There are five major types of white blood cells. Platelets, or thrombocytes, stop bleeding by helping your blood to clot.

The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a routine blood test frequently ordered by doctors that provides a wealth of information about an individual’s health status.

Reasons for Undergoing the CBC Test

A doctor may recommend a CBC test for various reasons. These include:

• Routine Health Check-up: Often included in regular medical exams for a general health assessment
• Diagnose Medical Conditions: If you’re experiencing fatigue, inflammation, fever, or bleeding, a CBC test can help determine the cause.
• Monitor Medical Conditions: If diagnosed with a condition affecting blood cells like anaemia or leukaemia, frequent CBC tests monitor your condition.
• Monitor Medical Treatment: It helps assess the effectiveness of treatment like chemotherapy.

List of Parameters Considered During the CBC Test

The Complete Blood Count test analyses several components of your blood:

• White Blood Cells (WBCs): These fight infections and diseases; their count indicates your body’s immune response.
• Red Blood Cells (RBCs): They transport oxygen, and their count can detect conditions like anaemia, dehydration, or heart disease.
• Haemoglobin: This protein carries oxygen in RBCs. Its levels can indicate conditions like anaemia, lung diseases, or kidney diseases.
• Haematocrit: The ratio of the volume of RBCs to the total blood volume; its value is crucial in determining conditions like anaemia or polycythemia.
• Platelets: Essential for blood clotting and wound healing; their count can reveal bleeding disorders or thrombocytopenia.